ELISA & PCR MCQs

ELISA full form is “Enzyme-linked Immunoassay” and PCR full form is “Polymerase Chain Reaction”.

Attempt MCQ test based on basics of ELISA test and PCR Testing.

ELISA

It is a plate-based assay technique used to detect and quantify peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones.

ELISA is based on the immunochemical principles of antigen-antibody reaction.

The antibody against the protein to be determined is fixed on an inert solid such as polystyrene. The biological sample containing the protein to be estimated is applied on the antibody-coated surface. The protein antibody complex is then reacted with a second protein-specific antibody to which an enzyme is covalently linked. These enzymes must be easily assayable and produce preferably colored products. Peroxidase, amylase, and alkaline phosphatase are commonly used. After washing the unbound antibody-linked enzyme, the enzyme bound to the second antibody complex is assayed. The enzyme activity is determined by its action on a substrate to form a product (usually colored).

PCR

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory (in vitro) technique for generating large quantities of specified DNA. Obviously, PCR is a cell-free amplification technique for synthesizing multiple identical copies (billions) of any DNA of interest.

Principle of PCR

The double-stranded DNA of interest is denatured to separate into two individual strands. Each strand is then allowed to hybridize with a primer (renaturation). The primer-template duplex is used for DNA synthesis (the enzyme-DNA polymerase). These three steps— denaturation, renaturation, and synthesis are repeated again and again to generate multiple forms of target DNA.

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