Pharmaceutics Notes

Liquid Oral Preparations PPT PDF: Solutions, Syrups, Elixirs, Emulsions, Suspensions and Dry Powder for Reconstitution Introduction Liquid oral preparations are pharmaceutical preparations containing one or more active ingredient dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous or non-aqueous vehicle with or without additives. These dosage forms are available as ready-to-use liquids or powders for reconstitution that can … Read more

Best Capsules PPT PDF Free Download Introduction The term “capsule” is derived from latin word capsula means small box. It is a unit solid dosage form meant for oral use in which medicament and inert substances are enclosed in a shell or envelope made of gelatin or other suitable material. Capsules are formulated for carrying … Read more

“IPQC Test for Parenterals: Common Tests and Their Significance” What are Parenteral Dosage forms? Parenteral dosage forms are medications that are administered through routes other than the digestive tract. This includes injections, infusions, and implantable drug delivery systems. The term “parenteral” is derived from the Greek words “para,” meaning beside or beyond, and “enteron,” meaning … Read more

Ball Mill- Principle, Application, Uses, Critical Speed, Diagram Introduction Ball mills are essential equipment in many industries, ranging from mining to pharmaceuticals. They are used for a variety of purposes, such as grinding and mixing materials, reducing particle size, and preparing materials for further processing. The importance of ball mills in these industries cannot be … Read more

Filtration Pharmacy Notes PPT PDF Introduction Definition Filtration is a unique unit mechanical or physical process of separating suspended and colloidal particles from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Objectives The main learning objective of filtration is to separate solids from liquid or gas medium The … Read more

Principle, Construction, and Working of Hammer Mill and Ball Mill Hammer Mill A hammer mill is a machine that is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the particle size of active ingredients and excipients. Diagram of Hammer Mill Principle of Hammer Mill The hammer mill operates on the principle of impact grinding, where … Read more

Tablet defects Tablet defects related to the tabletting process Capping and Lamination  Tablet defects related to excipients Chipping; Sticking; Picking and Binding Tablet defects related to more than one factor Mottling Tablet defects related to machine Double impression Tablet Defects A perfect tablet should be free of any visual or functional flaws. The advancements and … Read more

Introduction to Drug Stability Stability studies ensure the maintenance of drug/product quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the shelf life. Stability studies are considered a prerequisite for the acceptance and approval of any pharmaceutical product. Stability testing is a routine procedure performed on drug substances and products. Stability studies are employed at various stages of product … Read more

Formulation of Hard Gelatin Capsule Hard Gelatin Capsules (HGC) Hard gelatin capsules are used for enclosing solid medicament or dry powders of drug substance. It is also known as dry filled capsule. They are less flexible and consist of cap and body. The cap is short while body is long. It is available in different … Read more

Triple Roller Mill – Principle, Construction, Diagram, Working, Applications Triple Roller Mill is one of the equipment used for mixing purposes in various industries. It is also known as three roll mill. Principle of Triple Roller Mill A three roll mill or triple roller mill is a machine that uses shear force created by three … Read more

Double Cone Blender-Principle, Construction, Diagram, Working, Applications Mixing is one of the most common pharmaceutical operations. It is difficult to find a pharmaceutical product in which mixing is not done at one stage or the other during its manufacturing. Double Cone Blender is one of the commonly used equipment for mixing ingredients. Principle of Double … Read more

Filtration in Pharmaceuticals Filtration in Pharmaceuticals is a common operation widely employed in the production of sterile products, bulk drugs, and a liquid oral formulation. The suspension of solid and liquid to be filtered is known as the slurry. The porous medium used to retain the solids is described as the filter medium; the accumulation … Read more

Drying in Pharmaceuticals PDF Drying in Pharmaceuticals is often a final step in the production of pharmaceutical products. The drying process involves a source of heat and a facility to remove the produced vapors. In the majority of pharmaceutical intermediates or finished products the solvent removed is water. In the pharmaceutical industry, final product quality … Read more

Principle, Construction, Working of Freeze Dryer Read Principle, Construction, Working of Freeze Dryer, Advantages Disadvantages of Freeze Dryer, Steps involved in Freeze Dryer Freeze drying is also called lyophilization, is a process in which water is frozen, followed by its removal from the sample, initially by sublimation followed by desorption. The equipment used to dry … Read more

Principle, Construction, Working of Fluidized Bed Dryer A fluidized bed dryer (FBD) is well known and widely used equipment in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is used in the granulation process to attain desired moisture levels in the granules or powders required for the perfect compression of tablet formulations. Conventional FBDs include batch fluidized bed dryer, semi-continuous … Read more